Studies on Immune Problems

Natural Killer Cell Studies

  1. King K, Smith S, Chapman M, Sacks G. Detailed analysis of peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells in women with recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod. 2010 Jan;25(1):52-8.
  2. Thum MY, Bhaskaran S, Abdalla HI, Ford B, Sumar N, Shehata H, Bansal AS. An increase in the absolute count of CD56dimCD16+CD69+ NK cells in the peripheral blood is associated with a poorer IVF treatment and pregnancy outcome. Hum Reprod. 2004 Oct;19(10):2395-400.
  3. Ntrivalas EI, Kwak-Kim JY, Gilman-Sachs A, Chung-Bang H, Ng SC, Beaman KD, Mantouvalos HP, Beer AE. Status of peripheral blood natural killer cells in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions and infertility of unknown aetiology. Hum Reprod. 2001 May;16(5):855-61.
  4. Emmer PM, Nelen WL, Steegers EA, Hendriks JC, Veerhoek M, Joosten I. Peripheral natural killer cytotoxicity and CD56(pos)CD16(pos) cells increase during early pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Hum Reprod. 2000 May;15(5):1163-9.
  5. Beer AE, Kwak JY, Ruiz JE. Immunophenotypic profiles of peripheral blood lymphocytes in women with recurrent pregnancy losses and in infertile women with multiple failed in vitro fertilization cycles. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1996 Apr;35(4):376-82.

Th1/Th2 Cytokine Studies

  1. Kwak-Kim JY, Chung-Bang HS, Ng SC, Ntrivalas EI, Mangubat CP, Beaman KD, Beer AE, Gilman-Sachs A. Increased T helper 1 cytokine responses by circulating T cells are present in women with recurrent pregnancy losses and in infertile women with multiple implantation failures after IVF. Hum Reprod. 2003 Apr;18(4):767-73.
  2. Raghupathy R, Makhseed M, Azizieh F, Omu A, Gupta M, Farhat R. Cytokine production by maternal lymphocytes during normal human pregnancy and in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Hum Reprod. 2000 Mar;15(3):713-8. PubMed PMID: 10686225.

T Regulatory Cell Studies

  1. Saito S, Shima T, Nakashima A, Shiozaki A, Ito M, Sasaki Y. What is the role of regulatory T cells in the success of implantation and early pregnancy? J Assist Reprod Genet. 2007 Sep;24(9):379-86. Review.
  2. Guerin LR, Prins JR, Robertson SA. Regulatory T-cells and immune tolerance in pregnancy: a new target for infertility treatment? Hum Reprod Update. 2009 Sep-Oct;15(5):517-35. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmp004. Epub 2009 Mar 11. Review.

IVIG Studies

  1. Clark DA, Coulam CB, Stricker RB. Is intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) efficacious in early pregnancy failure? A critical review and meta-analysis for patients who fail in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF). J Assist Reprod Genet. 2006 Jan;23(1):1-13. Epub 2006 Jan 19. Review.
  2. Christiansen OB, Pedersen B, Rosgaard A, Husth M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin in the prevention of recurrent miscarriage: evidence for a therapeutic effect in women with secondary recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod. 2002 Mar;17(3):809-16.
  3. Yamada H, Kishida T, Kobayashi N, Kato EH, Hoshi N, Fujimoto S. Massive immunoglobulin treatment in women with four or more recurrent spontaneous primary abortions of unexplained aetiology. Hum Reprod. 1998 Sep;13(9):2620-3.
  4. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): modes of action in the clinical management of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and selected autoimmune disordersClin Chem Lab Med 2004 Apr;42(4):359-70. Review.

Intralipid Studies

  1. Kumar P, Mahajan S. Preimplantation and postimplantation therapy for the treatment of reproductive failure. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2013 Apr;6(2):88-92. Review.

G-CSF (Neupogen) Studies

  1. Scarpellini F, Sbracia M. Use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of unexplained recurrent miscarriage: a randomised controlled trial. Hum Reprod. 2009 Nov;24(11):2703-8.
  2. Salmassi A, Schmutzler AG, Schaefer S, Koch K, Hedderich J, Jonat W, Mettler L. Is granulocyte colony-stimulating factor level predictive for human IVF outcome? Hum Reprod. 2005 Sep;20(9):2434-40.

Heparin Studies

  1. Mak A, Cheung MW, Cheak AA, Ho RC. Combination of heparin and aspirin is superior to aspirin alone in enhancing live births in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and positive anti-phospholipid antibodies: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and meta-regression. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Feb;49(2):281-8.
  2. Allahbadia GN, Allahbadia SG. Low molecular weight heparin in immunological recurrent abortion–the incredible cure. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2003 Feb;20(2):82-90. Review.
  3. Rai R, Cohen H, Dave M, Regan L. Randomised controlled trial of aspirin and aspirin plus heparin in pregnant women with recurrent miscarriage associated with phospholipid antibodies (or antiphospholipid antibodies). BMJ. 1997 Jan 25;314(7076):253-7.

Corticosteroid Studies

  1. Bramham K, Thomas M, Nelson-Piercy C, Khamashta M, Hunt BJ. First-trimester low-dose prednisolone in refractory antiphospholipid antibody-related pregnancy loss. Blood. 2011 Jun 23;117(25):6948-51.

Lymphocyte Immunization Therapy (LIT) Studies

  1. Kling C, Steinmann J, Westphal E, Magez J, Kabelitz D. Adverse effects of intradermal allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy: acute reactions and role of autoimmunity. Hum Reprod. 2006 Feb;21(2):429-35.

Anti-TNF therapy (Humira and Enbrel) Studies

  1. Winger EE, Reed JL. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and intravenous immunoglobulin improves live birth rates in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2008 Jul;60(1):8-16.
  2. Sills ES, Walsh DJ, Shkrobot LV, Palermo GD, Walsh AP. Clinical experience with intravenous immunoglobulin and tnf-a inhibitor therapies for recurrent pregnancy loss. Ulster Med J. 2009 Jan;78(1):57-8.